Fluoride in Drinking Water and its Impact on Caries and Dental Fluorosis in Indonesia: a Systematic Review
Keywords:
Fluoride, Drining Water, Caries, Dental Fluorosis, IndonesiaAbstract
Fluoride content in drinking water is one of the chemical indicators of drinking water quality that is safe for consumption. Fluoride in drinking water has an impact on human health, such as caries and dental fluorosis. This study aims to determine the correlation between fluoride content in drinking water and the incidence of caries and dental fluorosis in Indonesia with a systematic review study. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) method, this study was conducted by searching online electronic-based research literature from several databases, namely Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, and Scopus with a limit of 2012 to June 2022. Furthermore, an assessment of the quality of the research literature was carried out using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT). The research literature obtained was analyzed descriptively, extracting p values and effect sizes. The search results found 2,274 pieces of research literature, of which eight kinds of literature met the research criteria. The incidence of dental caries was higher in people who consumed drinking water with lower fluoride content, while in areas with fluoride content exceeding the optimal limit, they tended to experience a higher incidence of dental fluorosis. The results of the study stated that there is a correlation between fluoride content in drinking water and the incidence of caries and dental fluorosis in Indonesia. Future research related to fluoride in drinking water and its impact on caries and dental fluorosis in Indonesia needs to be conducted to determine its influence by considering risk factors and respondent characteristics.Downloads
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