PERIODONTAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION: A CASE REPORT

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal disease includes all diseases that affect the periodontium, namely the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Environmental factors and genetic factors influence the severity of the occurrence of periodontal disease. Case report: A 58 year old female patient came to RSGM UMY with complaints of pain in the upper right tooth. The patient has a history of Diabetes Mellitus. The patient regularly consumes drugs in the form of metformin, amlodihypnoe, fonylin, and lansoprazole. Examination of the teeth showed carious lesions, non-carious lesions, residual roots, and edentulus. The patient's Oral Hygiene was 6.3 (poor). Discussion: Type 2 DM affects the initiation and development of periodontitis by causing a hyperinflammatory response while repairing damaged bone and producing a continued end product. Amlodipine belongs to a class of anti-hypertensive calcium channel blockers which can cause gingival enlargement due to abnormal fibroblasts. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus is a predisposing factor for periodontitis to become more severe and has a two-way relationship related to blood sugar conditions and periodontal conditions. In addition, anti-hypertensive drugs also have a role in the occurrence of oral manifestations