Maternal Health Education (Pregnant, Childbirth and Postpartum Periods) during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature Review
Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemic, health education, maternalAbstract
Maternal is the condition of the mother during pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperal. One of the susceptible individuals infected with COVID-19 is maternal. This condition causes the mother to worry both herself and the baby, so these problems need to be identified and prevented through health education. This article aimed to identify problems and maternal health education (pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperal) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collected through an online portal that is PubMed, the Jakarta Health Polytechnic I ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Google-based website. Keywords used to search for information related to the topics discussed are the epidemiology of SARS-COV-2, pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperal during the COVID-19 period, the maternal immune system, complaints, and maternal questions of the COVID-19 pandemic period, and prevention of COVID-19 infection on maternal. The results found a risk of COVID-19 infection in the maternal in the amount of 4.9/1000 pregnant women. Based on COVID-19 infections from nine infected, seven were found dead, and two were surviving. Maternal infection during pregnancy has complications, including fetal distress (2 cases), membrane rupture (2 cases), preeclampsia (1 case), is a factor in preterm labor, mature delivery (1 person). In conclusion, maternal is a high-risk group for exposure to infection. The risk of vertical infection of the mother to the baby has not been proven. Maternal requires information on prevention and care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperalDownloads
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References
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2. Hantoushzadeh S, Shamshirsaz AA, Aleyasin A, Seferovic MD, Aski SK, Arian SE, et al. Maternal Death Due to COVID-19 Disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol [serial on the Internet]. Apr 2020 [cited 2020 June 1]; 9378(8) [about 4 p]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.030.
3. Sidhu S. [home page on the Internet]. New York: Pregnant mothers and babies born during COVID-19 pandemic threatened by strained health systems and disruptions in services; 2020 [updated 2020 April 2; cited 2020 June 5]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/pregnant-mothers-and-babies-born-during-covid-19-pandemic-threatened-strained-health.
4. Pritasari K. [homepage on the Internet]. Indonesia: DITJEN-KESMAS-Strategi-Akselerasi-Penurunan-AKI-&-BBLR; 2019 [updated 2019 Agust; cited 2019 Dec 1]. Available from: www.kesmas.kemkes.go.id.
5. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. [homepage on Internet]. UK: RCOG and RCM respond to the UKOSS study of more than 400 pregnant women hospitalized with coronavirus [cited 2020 May 5]. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/news/rcog-and-rcm-respond-to-ukoss-study-of-more-than-400-pregnant-women-hospitalised-with-coronavirus/
6. Knight M, Bunch K, Vousden N, Morris E, Simpson N, Gale C, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK: a national cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS). National Perinatal Epidemiology [serial on the Internet]. May.; 2020 [cited 2020 June 6] . Available from: https://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/downloads/files/ukoss/annual-reports/UKOSS COVID-19 Paper pre-print draft 11-05-20.pdf.
7. Khan S, Peng L, Siddique R, Nabi G, Nawsherwan, Xue M, et al. Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal-to-neonatal intrapartum transmission of COVID-19 during natural birth. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol [serial on the Internet]. May 2020 [2020 June 5];1–3. Available from: https://doi.10.1017/ice.2020.84.
8. Chen H, Guo U, Wang H, Fan Luo XY, Zhang W, Li J, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women. Lancet [serial on the Internet]. June 2020 [cited 2020 June 5]; 395:809–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30360-3.
9. WHO. [homepage on the Internet]. Indonesia: Pertanyaan jawaban terkait COVID-19 untuk ibu hamil dan melahirkan; 2020 [updated May 2020; cited 2020 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa-during-pregnancy.
10. Hollier L. [homepage on the Internet]. Texas The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG): Coronavirus (COVID-19), Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding: A Message for Patients; 2020. [updated 2020 June 1; cited 2020 June 5].; Available from https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/pregnancy/coronavirus-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding.
11. RCOG.[homepage on the Internet]. London: Coronavirus infection and pregnancy; 2020 [updated May 2020; cited 2020 May 5]. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/coronavirus-pregnancy/covid-19-virus-infection-and-pregnancy/.
12. World Health Organization (WHO). [homepage on the Internet]. Q&A Pregnancy, childbirth, and COVID-19 [updated 2020 March 18; cited 2020 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-on-covid-19-pregnancy-and-childbirth.
13. Miller SE, Grobman AW, Sakowicz, A, Rosati J, Peaceman MA. Clinical Implications of universal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. [serial on the Internet]. May 2020 [cited 2020 June 29]. Availablehttps://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=9000&issue=00000&article=97343&type=Citation.
14. World Health Organisation. [homepage on the Internet]. WHO:.Breastfeeding and COVID-19 for health workers: frequently asked questions; 2020 [updated 2020 March 13; cited 2020 May 1]. p. 1–3. Available from: www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-.
15. Kwon JY, Romero R, Mor G. New insights into the relationship between viral infection and pregnancy complications. Am J Reprod Immunol. [serial on the Internet]. May 2014 [cited 2020 June 29]; 71(5): 387–390. Available https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC 5891092 /pdf/nihms954256.pdf.
16. Abbas MA, Ahmed AO, Shaltout SA. COVID-19, and maternal pre-eclampsia; a synopsis. Immunology. [serial on the Internet]. 15 June 2020. [cited 2020 June 29]. Available https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sji.12918.
17. Morelli S, Mandal M, Goldsmith LT, Kashani BN, Ponzio NM. The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its influence on fetal development. Res Rep Biol. [serial on the Internet]. Oct 2015 [cited 2020 May 2];171. Available http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rrb.s80652.
18.Stein D, Ward K, Cantelmo C. Estimating the Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Mothers and Newborns in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Health Policy Plus. [serial on the Internet]. May 2020 [cited 2020 May 1]. [about 2 p]. Available from: http://www.healthpolicyplus.com/covid-mnh-impacts.cfm.
19. Hubei, Liu C, Yan T G. (2020) Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia. JAMA [serial on the Internet]. May 12, 2020 [cited 2020 July 8 ]; 323(18): p.1848-1849. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 07/07/2020.
20. Egloff C, Fellous V C, Picone O, Mandelbrot L, Roque P. Evidence and possible mechanisms of rare maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Clinical Virology [serial on the Internet]. 14 May 2020. [cited 2020 July 1]; p.1-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104447.
21. Public Health England. COVID-19?: infection prevention and control guidance. PHE publications [serial on the Internet] March 2020. [cited 2020 May 3] [about 1–62 p] Available from:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/881489/COVID-19_Infection_prevention_and_control_guidance_ complete.pdf.
22. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. [homepage on the Internet]. UK: Clinical guide for the temporary reorganization of intrapartum maternity care during the coronavirus pandemic; 2020 [updated 2020 April 9; cited 2020 May 5]. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2020/04/C0241-specialty-guide-intrapartum-maternity-care-9-april-2020.
23. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. [homepage on the Internet]. UK: Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies. 2014 [updated 2014 Dec 3; cited 2020 May 2020]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg190
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2021-04-30
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