FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PREVALENSI STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 5-12 TAHUN BERDASARKAN SKI 2023
FACTORS RELATED TO THE PREVALENCE OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN AGED 5-12 YEARS BASED ON SKI 2023
Keywords:
Stunting, anak usia sekolah, faktor risiko, SKI 2023Abstract
Stunting pada anak usia sekolah (5-12 tahun) merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang berdampak serius pada pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, dan kualitas hidup. Meskipun prevalensi stunting di Indonesia menunjukkan tren penurunan, angka tersebut masih jauh dari target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan prevalensi stunting pada anak usia sekolah di Indonesia berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menganalisis data sekunder dari SKI 2023. Sampel terdiri dari 111.057 anak usia 5-12 tahun dan ibu mereka. Analisis statistik meliputi uji bivariat dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting. Prevalensi stunting pada anak usia 5-12 tahun adalah 11,09%, dengan proporsi lebih tinggi pada anak laki-laki (10,6%) dibandingkan perempuan (9,6%). Faktor yang signifikan terkait stunting meliputi usia anak (terutama 7-12 tahun), jenis kelamin laki-laki, pengetahuan ibu yang rendah, akses ke fasilitas kesehatan lebih dari 30 menit, biaya transportasi tidak terjangkau, tinggal di daerah perdesaan, pekerjaan ibu, dan tingkat kesejahteraan rendah. Sementara itu, kunjungan ke fasilitas kesehatan dan usia ibu tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Faktor usia anak, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan ibu, aksesibilitas layanan kesehatan, biaya transportasi, lokasi tempat tinggal, pekerjaan ibu, dan tingkat kesejahteraan merupakan determinan penting stunting pada anak usia sekolah. Intervensi multifaset yang mencakup peningkatan akses layanan kesehatan, edukasi gizi, dan peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga diperlukan untuk mengurangi prevalensi stunting di Indonesia.Downloads
References
Adenuga, W U, T A Obembe, K O Odebunmi, and M C Asuzu. 2017. “Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting Among Primary School Children in Rural and Urban Communities in Obafemi Owode Local Government Area, Southwestern Nigeria.” Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine 15(1): 7–15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28970765%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC5598447.
Agyen, Vida Afarebea, Samuel Kobina Annim, and Emmanuel Ekow Asmah. 2024. “Neighbourhood Mothers’ Education and Its Differential Impact on Stunting: Evidence from 30 Sub-Saharan African Countries.” Social Science and Medicine 340(August 2023): 116462. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116462.
Akseer, Nadia, Sara Al-Gashm, Seema Mehta, Ali Mokdad, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. 2017. “Global and Regional Trends in the Nutritional Status of Young People: A Critical and Neglected Age Group.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1393(1): 3–20. doi:10.1111/nyas.13336.
Berhanu, Alemayehu, Sileshi Garoma, Godana Arero, and Getu Mosisa. 2022. “Stunting and Associated Factors among School-Age Children (5–14 Years) in Mulo District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.” SAGE Open Medicine 10. doi:10.1177/20503121221127880.
Black, Robert E., Cesar G. Victora, Susan P. Walker, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Parul Christian, Mercedes De Onis, Majid Ezzati, et al. 2013. “Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Overweight in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.” The Lancet 382(9890): 427–51. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X.
BPS. 2023. “SURVEI KESEHATAN INDONESIA (SKI) 2023.” Kemenkes BKPK: 1–68.
Christiaensen, Luc, Harold Alderman, Harold Alderman, and World Bank. 2015. “Child Malnutrition in Ethiopia?: Can Maternal Knowledge Augment the Role of Income?? Child Malnutrition in Ethiopia?: Can Maternal Knowledge Augment the Role of Income??*.” 52(2): 287–312.
Dennison, Barbara A., Tara A. Erb, and Paul L. Jenkins. 2002. “Television Viewing and Television in Bedroom Associated with Overweight Risk among Low-Income Preschool Children.” Pediatrics 109(6): 1028–35. doi:10.1542/peds.109.6.1028.
Gusnedi, Gusnedi, Ricvan Dana Nindrea, Idral Purnakarya, Hermita Bus Umar, Andrafikar, Syafrawati, Asrawati, et al. 2023. “Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Stunting in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32(2): 184–95. doi:10.6133/apjcn.202306_32(2).0001.
Headey, Derek, John Hoddinott, and Seollee Park. 2016. “Drivers of Nutritional Change in Four South Asian Countries: A Dynamic Observational Analysis.” Maternal and Child Nutrition 12: 210–18. doi:10.1111/mcn.12274.
Jahagirdar, Deepa, Sam Harper, Jody Heymann, Hema Swaminathan, Arnab Mukherji, and Arijit Nandi. 2017. “The Effect of Paid Maternity Leave on Early Childhood Growth in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.” BMJ Global Health 2(3): 1–11. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000294.
Kustanto, Andi, Omat Rachmat, and Sugeng Setyadi. 2025. “The Prevalence of Stunting in Indonesia: An Examination of the Health, Socioeconomic Status, and Environmental Determinants.” Journal of Iranian Medical Council 8(1): 67–79. doi:10.18502/jimc.v8i1.17062.
de Onis, Mercedes, and Francesco Branca. 2016. “Childhood Stunting: A Global Perspective.” Maternal and Child Nutrition 12: 12–26. doi:10.1111/mcn.12231.
Penurunan, Percepatan, Stunting Nasional, Subandi Sardjoko, Bimbingan Teknis, Analisa Situasi, Dan Pemetaan, Dan Pembiayaan, Yang Mendukung, and Penurunan Stunting. 2021. “Perencanaan, Penganggaran, Dan Monev.” (November).
Ponce, Ninez, Riti Shimkhada, Amy Raub, Adel Daoud, Arijit Nandi, Linda Richter, and Jody Heymann. 2018. “The Association of Minimum Wage Change on Child Nutritional Status in LMICs: A Quasi-Experimental Multi-Country Study*.” Global Public Health 13(9): 1307–21. doi:10.1080/17441692.2017.1359327.
Rezaeizadeh, Golnaz, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Abbasali Keshtkar, Zahra Farahani, Fatemeh Zarepour, Maryam Sharafkhah, Roya Kelishadi, and Hossein Poustchi. 2024. “Maternal Education and Its Influence on Child Growth and Nutritional Status during the First Two Years of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” eClinicalMedicine 71(April): 102574. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102574.
Salimar, Djoko Kartono, Noviati Fuada, and Budi Setyawati. 2013. “Stunting Anak Usia Sekolah Di Indonesia Menurut Karakteristik Keluarga(Stunting Among School-Age Children in Indonesia By Characteristics of Family).” Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan 36(2): 121–26.
Siramaneerat, Issara, Erni Astutik, Farid Agushybana, Pimnapat Bhumkittipich, and Wanjai Lamprom. 2024. “Examining Determinants of Stunting in Urban and Rural Indonesian: A Multilevel Analysis Using the Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS).” BMC Public Health 24(1): 1–13. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18824-z.
Srivastava, Anurag, Syed E. Mahmood, Payal M. Srivastava, Ved P. Shrotriya, and Bhushan Kumar. 2012. “Nutritional Status of School-Age Children - A Scenario of Urban Slums in India.” Archives of Public Health 70(1): 2–9. doi:10.1186/0778-7367-70-8.
Stinson, Sara. 1985. “Sex Differences in Environmental Sensitivity during Growth and Development.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 28(6 S): 123–47. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330280507.
Tariku, Eshetu Zerihun, Getaneh Alemu Abebe, Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik, and Befikadu Tariku Gutema. 2018. “Prevalence and Factors Associated with Stunting and Thinness among School-Age Children in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Southern Ethiopia.” PLoS ONE 13(11): 1–12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206659.
UNICEF, WHO, and WORLD BANK. 2023. “Level and Trend in Child Malnutrition.” World Health Organization: 4. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073791.
Vassilakou, Tonia. 2021. “Childhood Malnutrition: Time for Action.” Children 8(2): 24–26. doi:10.3390/children8020103.
Widasari, Lucy. 2023. “Laporan Percepatan Penurunan Stunting Tahun 2022 Dan Rencana Aksi Tahun 2023.” : 1–262.
Yeboah, Edmund, Julia Lohmann, J. L. Koulidiati, Naasegnibe Kuunibe, N. N.A. Kyei, S. Hamadou, V. Ridde, et al. 2024. “Quality of Nutritional Status Assessment and Its Relationship with the Effect of Rainfall on Childhood Stunting: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Burkina Faso.” Public Health 234: 91–97. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.05.020.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Okta Krisnawati, Dadan Erwandi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
